Neurophysiological studies on shoulder exercises have given us a better understanding of the effects on muscle recruitment. Early closed chain exercises use little cuff activation and can be safely commenced soon after surgery. While shoulder exercises for the anterior shoulder and pectorals develop power, to train just these muscles will unbalance the shoulder.

The movement of this joint is controlled by the deltoids, of which there are three muscles – the front (anterior), side (middle) and rear (posterior) deltoids, or delts. These muscles, working individually and in combination, have one basic function: they lift the arm. Headaches and muscle tension are also common physical problems associated with stress. Although taking the occasional painkiller can provide temporary relief, it is not a good idea to become reliant on these to deal with stress-related symptoms. Body toning exercise can be a pretty painful experience if muscles have lain dormant for a while. The problem is, it’s not until 24-48hrs after your workout that you’ll realise you’ve overdone it!

Swimming is often a very good exercise for healing after injuries as the water supports your body and there is less of a strain on your muscles and joints. With shoulder strengthening and rotator cuff muscle exercises suitable for a shoulder dislocation or shoulder subluxation. However, muscles around a damaged joint may compensate for a ruptured ligament, but if this is not successful, surgery may be required.